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Many ethnic minorities have for linguistic reasons other names for Ded Moroz or even have their own culture-equivalent counterparts to Ded Moroz. For example, in Bashkir Ded Moroz is known as Ҡыш бабай ( Qïš babay, literally: "Winter Old Man"), in Tatar it has the similar spelling Qış Babay ( Кыш бабай) with the same meaning. In Nenets he is known as Yamal Iri ("Grandfather of Yamal"). [22] The Yakut indigenous people have their own counterpart to Ded Moroz, which is called Chys Khaan ("Master of Cold"). [23] International relations of Ded Moroz [ edit ]

For almost 160 years of influence Dzmer Pap and Dzyunanushik have hardly changed their appearance or behavior: they come in red, blue or white winter fur coats and, bringing presents to children, expect them to sing songs or recite poems. They are parts of New Year and Christmas matinées and shows in Armenia. In the recent decades well-off parents have developed a tradition to invite Dzmer Pap and Dzyunanushik to their children. Tivodar, Blanka, & Andreja Vezovnik. 2010. Cooking in Socialist Slovenia: Housewives on the Road from a Bright Future to an Idyllic Past. In: Breda Luthar & Maruša Pušnik (eds.), Remembering Utopia: The Culture of Everyday Life in Socialist Yugoslavia, pp. 379–406. Washington, DC: New Academia Publishing, p. 396. Klobčar, Marija. 2009. Christmas Songs and Constructing Identities. Traditiones 38(1): 173–188, p. 173. Stainless Steel “Pozi-Feed” double augers providing positive salt feed even with wet material, driven hydraulically through a heavy duty high load hydraulic motor Video - Meet Russia's Antidote To Santa, Dec 25, 2007 by Dave Grout, CBS News". CBS News. Archived from the original on 16 July 2011 . Retrieved 25 November 2010.

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The main symbol of New Year in Russia – is Father Christmas (Ded Moroz). — Guide For You Tours". Guide For You Tours . Retrieved 20 August 2018.

Under the influence of Orthodox traditions, the character of Ded Moroz was transformed. Since the 19th century the attributes and legend of Ded Moroz have been shaped by literary influences. The play Snegurochka by Aleksandr Ostrovsky was influential in this respect, as was Rimsky-Korsakov's Snegurochka with libretto based on the play. [2] [8] By the end of the 19th century Ded Moroz became a popular character. [ citation needed] In Azerbaijani, Ded Moroz is known as Şaxta Baba ("Grandfather Frost") and his companion Snegurochka is known as Qar Qızı ("Snow Girl"). In the predominantly Muslim but secular country, where Christians are a small minority, [33] this tradition remains very popular. Şaxta Baba brings gifts to children at New Year celebrations, however Qar Qızı is rarely present at the festivities. a b "Photo Archive". gov.karelia.ru. Archived from the original on 7 January 2018 . Retrieved 2 April 2018. In Slovenia, the name Ded Moroz was translated from Russian as Dedek Mraz (literally, "Grandpa Frost"). Dedek Mraz is depicted as a slim man wearing a grey leather coat, which has fur inside and is decorated outside, and a round dormouse fur cap. This version of the character is based on traditional imagery, especially as depicted by Maksim Gaspari in images commissioned in 1952. [47] Although the name was translated literally from the Soviet figure, other names for the character were also considered: Sneženi mož ("the Snow Man") and oca Triglav ("Daddy Triglav"). [47] A female figure named babica Zima (Grandma Winter) was also proposed. [47] Initially he was said to live in Siberia, but with the Informbiro crisis and the schism between Yugoslavia and the Soviet Union his home was relocated to Mt. Triglav, Slovenia's (and also Yugoslavia's) highest peak. Public processions featuring the character began in Ljubljana in 1953. [47] The notion of Grandpa Frost was ideologically useful because it served to reorient the December/January holidays away from religion ( Saint Nicholas Day and Christmas) and towards the secular New Year. [47] After the ousting of Communism at the beginning of the 1990s, two other "good old men" (as they are currently styled in Slovenian) reappeared in public: Miklavž (" Saint Nicholas") is said to bring presents on 6 December, and Božiček ("Christmas man"; usually depicted as Santa Claus) on Christmas Eve. St. Nicholas has had a strong traditional presence in Slovenian ethnic territory and his feast day remained celebrated in family circles throughout the Communist period. Until the late 1940s it was also said in some areas of Slovenia that Christkind (called Jezušček ("little Jesus") or Božiček) brought gifts on Christmas Eve. Slovenian families have different preferences regarding their gift-giver of choice, according to political or religious persuasion. Slovenian popular culture depicts Grandpa Frost, Saint Nicholas and Santa Claus as friends [48] [49] and has also started blending attributes of the characters, for example, mention of Santa's reindeer is sometimes mingled into the Grandpa Frost narrative at public appearances. Due to his non-religious character and strong institutionalization, Grandpa Frost continues to retain a public presence. [50] Tajikistan [ edit ]Hydraulically driven stainless steel disc, with adjustable spread width from 1.3m to 9m (dependant on the material being spread) Russia's Grandfather Frost fights the invading Santas, Dec 24, 2000 by Fred Weir". The Independent. London. 24 December 2000. Archived from the original on 10 September 2011 . Retrieved 27 November 2010. In 1948, after the Communists gained power in Romania, it was decided that Christmas should not be celebrated. 25 and 26 December became working days and no official celebrations were to be held. As a replacement for Moş Crăciun (Father Christmas), a new character was introduced, Moş Gerilă (literally "Old Man Frosty", a Romanian language adaptation of the Russian Ded Moroz). [44] He was said to bring gifts to children on 31 December. Povestea impostorului Moş Gerilă | Romania Libera". Archived from the original on 7 January 2012 . Retrieved 1 January 2012. Dzied Maroz". On-Line Reference and Information. Archived from the original on 17 July 2011 . Retrieved 26 November 2010.