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The GC-MS chromatograms showed that the TIC peaks for acetophenone and its d 8-isomer did not completely resolve. The finding of several anthropogenic chemicals in fox urine shows that foxes, although living in the wild state, are not free from human impacts when they forage around farms and human habitation, especially as their diet is omnivorous. Desperately wanting to open a window but knowing even that would violate my probation (as I described in my original post), and knowing that my PO wasn't above a middle-of-the-night visit as she had proven.
Foxes are solitary foragers that can also live in groups [ 21, 22]; they travel long distances [ 18] and both defend [ 23] and share [ 4] territory. We know predators often use the scent of prey to track them down, while the scent of predators causes prey species to be more cautious. The Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee of the University of Tasmania advised that there are no ethical issues in taking samples from animals that had already been legally killed by licensed hunters.The frequency of occurrence was expressed as the number of foxes in which the compound was found out of the total samples analyzed (N = 15 for SPME and 4 for stir bar extractions). The corresponding methyl sulfides of 1- and 2- phenylethane thiol have only been found in fox urine. This study has extended our knowledge of the volatile scent compounds in fox urine and has indicated areas for further investigation. In short, I was really stupid and broke hunting laws, got probation, but a probation that stunk up my house with fox urine. Semiochemicals are released in external secretions and excreta, and elicit responses related to the social, kinship, health, and reproductive status of the source animal.
These relative percentage values are interdependent, and it is more meaningful to measure the concentrations (eg as μg/ml urine) as these are independent of each other.Every time I think it's getting better, but then if I go on a jog or something, my sweat smells like fox. Quantitation of acetophenone required another GC-MS analysis, with the addition of d 8-acetophenone as internal standard.
tl;dr got caught fox hunting, have to keep fox urine in my house for a month, it's way worse than I thought.This correction is routinely applied to normalize urinary concentrations of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds and enables meaningful comparisons between individuals. The red fox is a highly adaptable mammal that has established itself world-wide in many different environments. That this happens in many species even if they've not encountered that predator before, suggests there are some universal components of predator urine that clue-in potential prey. Creatinine was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and the ratio of concentrations of compound/creatinine calculated.
The finding that acetophenone was present in all urine samples, usually as the major constituent, indicated that its concentration could be determined and then used to estimate the concentration of other compounds in ‘acetophenone equivalents’. Quantitation of GC-MS analyses requires the addition of an internal standard to the urine sample before analysis. Relocating urban foxes to rural areas is not recommended, as suitable habitats in the countryside are likely to be already populated with foxes, against which the town animals will struggle to compete.
Other plant chemicals are commonly occurring urinary metabolites: 3-isopentenyl alcohol (12), trans-geraniol (49), trans-geranylacetone (61), and the terpenes β-myrcene (27) and linalool (36).
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